Silkscreen Printing Unit Lesson 7: Silkscreen Printing with Stencils

A male with short hair and wearing glasses stands facing away from the camera. He is looking at a multi-colored silkscreened image. With one hand he is propping up an orange silkscreen. His other hand is on the table upon which the silkscreen and silkscreened image also rest. — Photo by Sean Carroll

This lesson explains the process for printing the stencils and photographic layer of the multilayer print to create a series of prints.

Objectives

Students practice mixing colors to create varying color combinations
Students apply stencil and photographic silkscreen processes to create a series of prints
Students critique their print series with their peers focusing on color and composition

Vocabulary

Hinge clamps: A clamping system for screen printing in which the screen is held in place by clamps and hinges.
Registration: The process of lining up the image on the screen to the underpainting and/or color separations for a multilayer print.
Tape brackets: L-shaped registration marks usually made with tape, used for aligning a screen image to the underpainting or source art.

This image shows two hands using blue painters tape to secure a film positive to piece of printing paper. — Photo by Sean Carroll

A student using tape to line up and register stencil.

This image shows a male student with glasses placing a white paper stencil underneath a yellow and orange silkscreen to check for alignment. Two rolls of table sit on the table, one blue and one beige. — Photo by Sean Carroll

A student checking the alignment of their stencil underneath a silkscreen.

This image shows a hand pouring purple ink onto the top of a silkscreen. The silkscreen has two shapes cut out of paper underneath. A black squeegee rests at the top of the screen. — Photo by Sean Carroll

A student pours ink onto the silkscreen.

This image shows a male student with glasses using a silkscreen and a paper stencil with two shapes cut out. The finished silkscreen print shows two shapes of color printed in purple on top of a grey background. — Photo by Sean Carroll

A student lifting silkscreen after printing with stencil.

This image shows a used paper stencil with two shapes cut out. The stencil has been printed over in purple ink and has five small pieces of masking tape on it. — Photo by Sean Carroll

A used paper stencil that has been printed over in purple ink.

A student washes out a silkscreen using a hose, in a large sink. The sink has black plastic on the back and side walls. — Photo by Sean Carroll

A student washing out a silkscreen after printing.

This image shows a student holding a stencil in his right hand. The stencil has been printed in grey ink and we can see two grey squares along with two purple and greenish-gold shapes on the white printed paper. — Photo by Sean Carroll

A student printing an additional stencil layer to his print.

This image shows two hands holding a film positive over a multilayer print. We can see grey, purple and a greenish-gold showing through the film positive. — Photo by Sean Carroll

A student checking his film positive over his multiple layers.

This image shows a hand pouring black ink onto the top of a silkscreen. There is a black squeegee resting at the top of the screen. We can see that an image has been exposed on the screen. — Photo by Sean Carroll

A student printing his final photographic silkscreen layer in black ink.

A student lifts a screen to reveal a recently-made print — Photo by Sean Carroll

A student printing his final photographic silkscreen layer in black ink.

Materials

Powerpoint: Silkscreen Printing with Stencils
Two-inch masking tape
¾” blue painter’s tape
Ten pieces of final printing paper for each student. An economical paper for silkscreen is two-ply Bristol Board sold in pads of twenty sheets. For an even better deal, go to your nearest office supply store and use 11” x 17” reams of paper that are similar in thickness to the two-ply Bristol board
Silkscreens: the exposed screen prepared in Lesson 3 and 4. Plus an open screen (one that has no emulsion on it)
Squeegees
Hinge clamps

Procedure

Review the Silkscreen Printing with Stencils Powerpoint as a class.
Mixing Ink: students should mix all three colors of ink prior to printing:
- Mix ink in re-sealable containers.
- Label ink with student’s name and layer number.
Printing:
- Use masking tape to tape off the areas of the screen where there is no emulsion, tape both the front and back of the screen, making sure not to tape over the image.
- Place your open silkscreen in the hinge clamps, securely tightening the clamps.
- Line up the film positive to one piece of the printing paper then secure it with pieces of blue painter’s tape.
- Place your paper with the film positive under your screen and register the open screen to the edges of your film positive. Use the blue painter’s tape to mark the edges of your paper on the table you are printing on. This will show you where to put the paper for each print.
- Now place your stencil over your film positive to register your stencil. Carefully remove the small pieces of blue painter’s tape holding the film positive in place on the paper. Take care to not move the stencil from its position.
- Carefully close the screen over the stencil paper and print the ﬁrst color using enough ink for adequate coverage.
- The stencil will stick to the back of the silkscreen because the ink acts as an adhesive. Starting from a top corner, slowly peel the stencil away from the screen.
- For large areas of color you may need to make two passes (or more) with the squeegee.
- Continue this process, placing each piece of paper inside the tape corners until all ten pieces of paper are printed.
- Remove the stencil from the silkscreen and discard.
- Clean the open silkscreen and squeegee thoroughly. The two-inch tape you placed around the edges of the silkscreen in step eleven should remain until you are ﬁnished printing your entire print.
- Making sure the silkscreen is completely dry, place your taped silkscreen into the hinge clamps and securely tighten the clamps.
- When layer one of your print is dry, register your next stencil (layer two) to the film positive. Once it is in the correct place, use two small pieces of painter’s tape to secure it to the print. Remove the film positive.
- Repeat steps 5 – 12.
- When layer two of your print is dry, register your next stencil (layer three) to the film positive. Once it is in the correct place, use two small pieces of painter’s tape to secure it to the print. Remove the film positive.
- Repeat Steps 5 – 12.
- To print layer four, the final photographic image, register your film positive to your print using small pieces of painter’s tape to secure it to the print.
- Tape the edges of the screen with the two-inch tape on both sides (as in step one). Securely tighten your silkscreen with the photographic image exposed on it in the hinge clamps.
- Register your print to the screen and place tape marks on the corners of three edges of your paper. Remove the film positive.
- Print your final layer.
- Clean your screen. Be sure that no ink is left in the open holes of the screen. Use the soft side of a sponge to help ease the ink out if necessary.

Wrap-up

After the final silkscreen prints are dry, hang them up and conduct a class critique. Try ranking the student work as a class according to various categories. This technique reinforces specific criteria and objectives learned in this unit while encouraging suggestions for improvement. Here are a few categories that could help guide the critique:

Most thoughtful color scheme: Student considered color theory when choosing their colors (ex: warm or cool colors to convey a mood, complimentary colors to create contrast and balance, analogous colors for visual appeal.etc.).
Layer slayer: Student successfully arranged and layered their shapes and colors for overall visual appeal (light to dark/dark to light, color opacity, color vibration, etc.).
Best overall composition: Student considered color, shape, and layering that was well thought out and visually appealing.
Master level printer: Student carefully registered their print so that it lined up with the underpainting. Appropriate amount of ink was used; image isn’t too dark or too light. Proper amount of pressure was used when making a pass with the squeegee.

Assessment

The following assessments can be used for this lesson using the downloadable assessment rubric.

Communication 3
Creative process 4
Creative process 5
Critical thinking 1